# Send a transaction

End-to-end example: sign a value transfer locally, broadcast it via `eth_sendRawTransaction`, wait for the receipt.

## With viem

```ts
import { createWalletClient, createPublicClient, http, parseEther } from "viem";
import { privateKeyToAccount } from "viem/accounts";
import { aeredium } from "./chain";

const account = privateKeyToAccount(process.env.PRIVATE_KEY as `0x${string}`);

const wallet = createWalletClient({ account, chain: aeredium, transport: http() });
const client = createPublicClient({ chain: aeredium, transport: http() });

const hash = await wallet.sendTransaction({
  to: "0x742d35Cc6634C0532925a3b844Bc9e7595f3bA21",
  value: parseEther("0.1"),
});

const receipt = await client.waitForTransactionReceipt({ hash });
console.log(`tx ${hash} included in block ${receipt.blockNumber}, status=${receipt.status}`);
```

## With ethers v6

```ts
import { JsonRpcProvider, Wallet, parseEther } from "ethers";

const provider = new JsonRpcProvider("https://rpc.aeredium.io", { chainId: 1000, name: "aeredium" });
const wallet = new Wallet(process.env.PRIVATE_KEY!, provider);

const tx = await wallet.sendTransaction({
  to: "0x742d35Cc6634C0532925a3b844Bc9e7595f3bA21",
  value: parseEther("0.1"),
});

const receipt = await tx.wait();
console.log(`tx ${tx.hash} included in block ${receipt!.blockNumber}, status=${receipt!.status}`);
```

## With Foundry

```bash
cast send 0x742d35Cc6634C0532925a3b844Bc9e7595f3bA21 \
  --value 0.1ether \
  --rpc-url https://rpc.aeredium.io \
  --private-key $PRIVATE_KEY
```

## With raw curl (build the tx yourself)

This is the lowest-level path — useful for benchmarking and for languages without a mature EVM library.

1. Build and sign the transaction in your language of choice (any RLP/EIP-1559 encoder will do).
2. Submit the hex-encoded raw transaction:

```bash
curl -X POST https://rpc.aeredium.io \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{
    "jsonrpc":"2.0",
    "method":"eth_sendRawTransaction",
    "params":["0x02f8..."],
    "id":1
  }'
```

The response is the transaction hash. Poll for the receipt:

```bash
curl -X POST https://rpc.aeredium.io \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_getTransactionReceipt","params":["0xTxHash"],"id":1}'
```

## High-throughput batching

If you're submitting thousands of transactions per second (e.g. market makers, bridges, indexers), use JSON-RPC batch requests so each round-trip carries multiple `eth_sendRawTransaction` calls:

```bash
curl -X POST https://rpc.aeredium.io \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '[
    {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":1,"method":"eth_sendRawTransaction","params":["0x02f8..."]},
    {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":2,"method":"eth_sendRawTransaction","params":["0x02f8..."]},
    {"jsonrpc":"2.0","id":3,"method":"eth_sendRawTransaction","params":["0x02f8..."]}
  ]'
```

Internally the network groups submitted transactions into 1,000-tx micro-batches that flush every 1ms — your batch requests feed straight into that pipeline. For institutional integrators that need the absolute maximum throughput (1.4M TPS), there's a direct gRPC `SubmitBatch` interface; contact `ops-team@aeredium.com` for access.

## Common errors

| Error message                                | Cause                                            | Fix                                                           |
| -------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------ | ------------------------------------------------------------- |
| `nonce too low`                              | You re-used a nonce that's already on-chain      | Refresh nonce with `eth_getTransactionCount(addr, "pending")` |
| `nonce too high`                             | Future nonce, no preceding tx in mempool         | Send the missing nonce, or reset and resend                   |
| `insufficient funds for gas * price + value` | Not enough AER                                   | Top up the sender                                             |
| `intrinsic gas too low`                      | `gasLimit` < base cost (21,000 for transfers)    | Raise `gasLimit` or omit it to let the client estimate        |
| `replacement transaction underpriced`        | Resending the same nonce without a 10%+ fee bump | Increase `maxFeePerGas` and `maxPriorityFeePerGas`            |


---

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